基因和癌症
所有癌症都是由基因的变化或基因损害引起的。 The basic biological unit of heredity passed from parents to a child. Genes are pieces of DNA and determine a particular characteristic of an individual.
The molecules inside the cell that program genetic information. DNA determines the structure, function and behaviour of a cell.
The part of a cell that contains DNA (genetic information).
In humans, each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes in total.
A permanent change or alteration in a gene.
Gene mutations can be inherited or can be acquired during a person’s life.
基因像在我们的细胞内部开关一样开启和关闭。他们控制我们的细胞如何通过制造蛋白质来制造蛋白质，例如 A type of protein made by the immune system that disarms or destroys a specific foreign substance (antigen) when it appears in the body.
A protein that speeds up certain chemical reactions in the body.
For example, enzymes in the intestines help to digest food.
A substance that regulates specific body functions, such as metabolism, growth and reproduction.
Natural hormones are produced by glands. Artificial or synthetic hormones can be made in the lab.
当基因正常工作时，他们有助于保护我们免受癌症。但是当我们的DNA或我们的DNA损伤发生变化时，基因可以突变。突变的基因不能正常工作，因为它的DNA中的指令被混合起来。这可能导致应休息的细胞分裂并延伸失控，这可能导致癌症。基因突变还可以引起细胞制备过多的蛋白质，异常蛋白质或不足的蛋白质。
基因突变一直发生在我们的细胞中。每当一个细胞分开时，当细胞发出其DNA副本时，都存在错误的风险。我们的细胞通常可以找到这些错误并在传递给新细胞之前修复它们。但有时细胞无法修复这些更改，并且将更改传递给新单元格。具有由于DNA受损的基因突变的细胞是可以变得癌变的细胞。由于基因突变随着时间的推移而增加，因此我们更老的发展癌症的风险较高。